[ relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction and job burn-out among the employees in Tabriz University]

In the organization environment, staffs are under the neurotic and mental pressures that would have many adverse effects on their performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational culture, job satisfaction and job burn-out among the employees in Tabriz University. The method of this research was descriptive-analytic. The research sample consisted of 106 subjects who were chosen through the stratified random sampling. All participants completed the Hofsted Organizational Culture Questionnaire [HOCQ] and Job Descriptive Index [JDI] and Maslach Burnout Inventory [MBI]. The results of the survey were analyzed by Pearson correlation method and T-test. Obtained results indicated that the kind of Organizational Culture in Tabriz university was rational culture; in addition, the job satisfaction was not different between three kinds of organizational cultures [p>0.05], but, the job burn-out was different between three kinds of organizational cultures [p<0.05]. In addition, the job satisfaction difference between didactic and administrative employees was not statistically meaningful [p>0.05] but the job burn-out difference between didactic and administrative employees was statistically significant [p<0.01]. The results of T-test showed that there was no employees was statistically significant and job burn-out among female and male employees [p>0.05]. Results also illustrated that there was a positive relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction [p<0.01]. In addition, obtained results revealed that there was a negative relationship between organizational culture and job burnout [p<0.01]. Clearly a negative relationship between job satisfaction and job burn-out was also identified [p<0.01]. On the basis of this study, it was understood that the partnership organizational culture may lead to the maximum amount of job satisfaction and minimum amount of job burn-out

Helicobacter pylori resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin in dyspeptic patients in Iran

The resistance of H. pylori to the recently available antibiotic treatment regimens has been a growing problem. The prevalence of high antibiotic resistance of H. pylori is the most common reason of its eradication failure. The purpose of the present study is to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among H. pylori strains isolated from Iranian patients. We investigated the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline among 128 H. pylori isolates from Iranian patients. After the culture of biopsy specimens and identification, susceptibility tests was performed with Modified Disk Diffusion Method [MDDM] and E. test. Resistance rates to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin and tetracycline were 64%, 23%, 2.5% and 0%, respectively. Seventy two percent of the metronidazole resistance strains had MIC>256 micro g/ml [High-Level-Resistance]. Due to the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori strains and in order to decrease the treatment cost, testing of susceptibility to metronidazole and clarithromycin is recommended

[Validity and reliability of the aggression scale for preschoolers and assessment of aggression in preschool children in Uromia]

The present study examined the factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity of the aggression scale for preschoolers. The aggression scale for preschoolers [ASFP] was a 27-item Likert rating scale questionnaire designed to assess different subtypes of aggression [relational, physical and verbal aggression]. Subjects were 489-6year-old pre-school children [313boys and 176 girls] selected randomly from kindergartens in Uromia, Iran. Factor analysis using principal components methods was used to identify the factor structure of ASFP. Results of the study indicated that the coefficient of cronbach's alpha was 0.98 for total scores. Factor analysis produced four factors that included dimensions of physical assault, verbal assault, relational and impulsive aggression. Sex differences were significant in two factors; Mean scores for boys were significantly more than girls in physical assault and verbal assault aggression. But there was no significant difference in the relational and impulsive aggression. Due to high reliability of the aggression scale for preschoolers, this scale could be used as reliable and valid scale in educational, clinical and other research areas

Frequency of tinea versicolor in male high school students [Babol; 2001-2004]

Tinea versicolor is one of the most common skin infections in tropical area, which causes ugly appearance especially in young people. This study was performed to determine the frequency of this disease in male high school students in Babol. This cross sectional and descriptive study was performed on 2064 students with randomly cluster method. Data was gathered by questionnaires and frequency of this disease was recorded. From 2064 students, 91% lived in urban area and 9% in rural area. 8.2% had tinea versicolor infection, which 94% of populations were urban and 6% were rural. Clinical examination of students was performed in spring. Family history in 11.7% was positive and in 88.3% was negative. 29.5% patients took a bath one time per week and 70.5% two or more times. The prevalence of skin lesions was 40% in head and neck, 43.5% in chest and back and 16.5% in other parts of body. With regard to high frequency of this disease among male high school students [about 10%] in this area we recommend further epidemiologic studies in different areas and age groups and also educating others about disease prevention methods

Determination of the mean daily stool weight, frequency of defecation and bowel transit time: Assessment of 1000 healthy subjects

Stool weight, frequency of defecation and transit time are all indices having a close relation with the quality and quantity of ones diet. The average diet in Iran has significant differences with that of western diet. Therefore, it is assumed that the above-mentioned variables follow specific norms which must be studied more accurately in Iran. A total of 1000 healthy Iranian subjects residing in the region of Shahr-e Kord, central Iran, were selected from the attendants to some urban and rural health centers. After providing the necessary information about the procedure of the study, they were requested to collect a 24- or 48- hour stool specimen in some special covered containers. The beginning and the end of the procedure was timed with carmine and activated charcoal as stool markers. At the end of the period, the collected stool was weighted and other required variables were obtained via questionnaire. The SPSS software, version 7.5, was used for analyzing the data by regression analysis and t-test. The mean daily stool weight of the population under study was estimated to be 349 +/- 131g. On the average, the frequency of defecation was 1.5 times a day and the transit time was estimated to be around 12.5 hours using carmine and activated charcoal as markers. Stool weight had a significant correlation with four variables namely, male gender, higher body weight, higher age and amount of bread consumed in the daily diet. Moreover, increased frequency of defecation had a significant relation with decreased transit time using charcoal, higher body weight and higher daily stool weight. As compared to western communities who usually consume a low fiber and high fat diet, the Iranian population in our study had higher stool weight, higher frequency of defecation and shorter transit time probably due to their unique high fiber and low fat diet